Machine tool transmission and control mechanism



AugLZS, 1942.v .1. B. ARMITAGE arm. 2,293,330

MACHINE TOOL TRANSMISSION AND CONTROL MECHANISM Filed July 22, 1938 12 Sheets-Sheet l Orm own

lNVENTOR S Aug. 25, 1942. J. a. ARMITAGE arm. 2,293,880

mourns TOOL TRANSMISSION 'AND coumonuncmmsm Filed July 22-, 1938 12 Sheets-Sheet 2 f v INVENTORS 35a J B. ARIMITAGE Wm M ATTORN EY 12 Sheets-Sheet 3 J. B. ARMITAGE EI'AL Filed July 22, 1938 Aug. 25, 1942.

momma: TOOL TRANSMISSION AND CONTROL MECHANISM INVENTORS J B. ARMITAGE BY OW BAnKm ATTORNEY 1 J. B. ARMITAGE EI'AL 2,293,880

141mm: TOOL mmsmssrou AND CONTROL macumsu Filed July 22, 19:55 12 Sheets-Shed 4 INVENTORS J? B. ARMITAGI BY OMI. BARKER ATTORNEY fl- 1942- J. B. ARMITAGE arm. 30

MACHINE TOOL TRANSMISSION AND CONTROL MECHANISM v Filed July 22, 1938 12 Sheets-Sheet 5 IBG INVENTORS J B. Anwnne:

O.W. BA zKER ATTORNEY Aug. 25,1942. J. a. ARMITAGE ETAL 2,293,330 MACHINE TOOL TRANSMISSION AND CONTROL MECHANISM Filed July 22, 1938 12 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENTORS J. B. ARM/TAG: BY o.-w. BAR a-m ATTORNEY 1942- J. a. ARMJTAGE rm. 42,293,380 MACHINE TOOL TRANSMISSION ANP CONTROL MECHANISM Filed July 2291938 12 Sheets-Sheet 8 M NNNHN INVENTORS J. B. ARMITAGE O. W B ARKZR on; m9

Aug. 25, 1942.

J. B. ARMITAGE ETAL MACHINE TOOL TRANSMISSION AND CONTROL MECHANISM l2 Sheets-Sheet 9 Filed July 22, 1938 INVENTORS J. B; ARMITAGE BY WBQKER A TTORNEY Aug. 25, 1 942- J. B. ARMITAGE ETAL 2,293,380

MACHINE TOOL TRANSMISSION AND CONTROL MECHANISM Filed July 22, 1938 12 Sheets-Sheet 10 E5 .15 v -|zo E25. 15 BIB BIO 3 HQ 3m 29 I 500 3Ol 30B asaan 503 30s as: 4 3|6 I'lc,

ATTORNEY Aug. 25, 1942. J. B. ARMITAGE r-rrm. 3

MACHINE TOOL TRANSMISSION AND CONTROL MECHANISM Filed July 22, 1938 12 Sheets-Sheet 11f INVENTORS J. B. ARMITAG:

BY 0. W. BAFKER ATI'oRNEY Aug. 25, 1942. -J. B. ARMITAGE. ETAL 2,293,830

MACHINE TOOL TRANSMISSION AND CONTROL MECHANISM Filed July 22, 1938 12 Sheets-Sheet 12 am &2 35

359 Es Tag INVENTORS J'. B. ARM/mm:

O. W. BARKER ATTORN EY Patented Aug 25, 1942 s I PATENT OFFICE MACHINE TOOL TRANSMISSION AND CONTROL MECHANISM Application July 22, 1938, Serial No. 220,648

UNITED STATE 27: Claims.

This invention relates generally to improve? ments in machine tools and more particularly to improved. actuating and controlling mechanisms for effecting and for regulating and coordinating-the movements of cooperating machine tool parts.

A general object of the invention is to provide an improved transmission mechanism and controlling apparatus for actuating and for automatically controlling and correlating the move-'- ments of various movable elements of a machine tool. 1

Another object of the invention is to provide and with a high degree of accuracy.

improved control means for precisely positioning Another object of the invention is to provide a machine tool capable of automatically executing a cycle of operations including thesuccessive machining of a plurality of surfaces disposed at difierent preciselypredetermined levels.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved control system for the power-driving mechanism of a'machine tool movable member, that is responsive to an overload condition and is operative thereupon to completely disconnect the power driving mechanism from the movable member.

A vimore specific object of the invention is to pro de in a machine tool transmission and control mechanism, a power driving connection for limiting device together with control means responsive to functioning of the torque limiting device for disconnecting the power driving mechanism from the movable element.

Another object of the invention is to provide at supporting elements i actuating a movable element including a torque in a machine tool, a plurality of individually ad-- iustable positive stop members arranged tolbe moved successively, into register with a movable element of the machine for stopping itselectivel at any one of a series, or

Another-objector the inventionv is to improved control mechanism forcoordinating the movements of a plurality of machine tool arts, that functions in response to stopping of predetermined positions. p i

one part of the machine at a predetermined position for changing. the mode of operation of another part. p

' Another object is to provide an improved machine ;tool control system including trip mechanism responsive to movement of one supporting element of the machine for controlling the movementaot another supporting element.

Another object is to provide a machine tool ment ,of the :as 'apreferredi milling machine is rment relative nating'the movements of machine tool elements.

i A further object is to provide an improved ad justable' positive stop member for precisely rpositioning a movable element of a machine tool. According to this invention, a machine tool is provided with improved actuating and controlling mechanism for effecting automatic regulation and coordination of the movements of a'plurality in a manner to provide for automatically executing a series of cutting operations. One feature of the invention consists in the provisionof an adjustable positive step device for precisely positioning a power driven element of the machine, and associated control mechanism including torque limiting apparatus functioning in response to stopping of the movable part by the positive stop device to disconnect the power driving mechanism and to efiect various subsequent movements as desired, such as starting or reversing the direction 0! movement of another part. The two 'or 'more movable parts of the machine may each bearranged for automatic operation in response to its own movement and also in response to movement of the other part. In the particular construction andarrangementpi parts disclosed herein embodiment of thein'ventiom a provided with-faspindle supor pain arranged (or bodily mcve--v to amovable work supporting table. "either at feed po quill The quill is arranged to"'be. moved rate or at rapid traverse rate, and there is'provided a torque limiting device for each rateor movement, the arrangement being such that upon engagement of a positive stop to precisely position the quill, one .or the other of the torque limiting devices will slip and operate the controlmechanism in manner to disengage the drive. The quill is further controlled by trip mechanism mnctioning in response to its movement and by trip mechanism functioning in response to movetable. Furthermore, the table is.

controlled by trip mechanism in the usual manner and also by trip mechanism responsive to movement of the quill, there being also an interconnection between the table controlling mechanism the quill controlling mechanism whereby the table may be started'or reversed upon functioning of a torque limiting clutch in the quilldriving mechanism when the positive stop is engaged. The positive stop device may include an adjustable element on the quill for engaging an abutment carried by the supporting structure, or it may take the form of a plurality of adjustable abutments carried by the table for successive engagement by the quill. The control mechanism for controlling the movements of the quill and of the table in response to the various interconnected tripping mechanisms, is preferably hydraulically actuated and may be so adjusted as to provide various automatic cycles of operations each including several alternate and coordinated, movements of the quill and the tabio for effecting difierent cutting operations at accurately predetermined positions on a workpiece.

The foregoing and other objects of this invention, which will become more fully apparent from the following detailed specification, may be achieved by the particular apparatus constituting an exemplifying embodiment of the invention that is depicted in and described in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a view in left side elevation of a milling machine exemplifying the type of machine tool in which the invention may be embodied in practical form, parts of the machine frame having been broken away to show the table driving mechanism;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged view in longitudinal section of an adjustable positive stop member threaded on the quill feeding screw of the machine, taken along the plane represented by the line 2-2 in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a view in front elevation of the milling machine shown in Fig. 1, with parts broken away to show the table moving and controlling mechanism;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary view in vertical section of an improved table locking device, taken substantially along the plane represented by the line 44 in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a view generally in horizontal section through the spindle carrying head of the machine, taken substantially along the planes represented by the line 5--5 inFig. 1;

Fig. 6 is a view in vertical sectiorr through the spindle carrying head longitudinally of the quill, taken substantially along the plane represented by the line 6-6 in Fig. 3;

Fig. 7 is an enlarged fragmentary view of an anti-friction bearing adjusting device on the spindle drive shaft, taken in transverse section along the plane represented by the line 'I-l in a. 6:

Fig. 8 is a view in elevation of an adjustable sleeve bearing which supports the spindle quill as shown in longitudinal section in Fig. 6;

Fig. 9 is an expanded, partially diagrammatic view, taken generally in vertical section, showing the drive mechanisms for rotating theflspindle and for effecting axial movements of the spindle quill.

Fig. 10 is a view, partly in left side elevation and partly in vertical section, of the quill controlling trip mechanism on the spindle supporttion taken along the plane represented by the,

ing column, taken generally along the plane represented by the line I0I 0 in Fig. 3;

Fig. 11 is a fragmentary-view of part of the spindle quill controlling mechanism, taken in vertical section generally along the plane represented by the line I l-l I in Fig. 1;

Fig. 12 is a similar fragmentary view of another part of the spindle quill controlling mechanism, taken largely in vertical section generally along the plane represented by the line l2 l2 in Fig. 1;

Fig. 13 is an enlarged view in horizontal section of a part of the quill driving and controlling mechanism taken substantially along the plane represented by the line l3-l3 in Fig. 10;

Fig. 14 is a detailed view in horizontal section of a part of the quill controlling mechanism, taken along the plane represented by the line "-46 in Fig. 10; v

Fig. 15 is another detailed view in horizontal. section taken along the plane represented by the line l5l5 in Fig. 10;

Fig. 16 is another detailed view in vertical section taken along the plane represented by the line l6l6 in Fig. 13;

Fig. 17 is a further detailed view in vertical section taken along the plane represented by the line l'i-Il in Fig. 10;

Fig. 18 is an enlarged view in front elevation of the table actuated quill controllin trip mechanism which appears in Fig. 3, part of the cover having been broken away;

line 2l-2l in Fig. 20;

Fig. 22 is a detailed face view in elevation of the table mounted trip dog post shown in side elevation in Fig. 20;

Fig. 23 is a detailed view in horizontal section through the trip dog post taken along the plane represented by the linen-23 in Fig; 22;

Fig. 24 is a schematic circuit diagram of a hydraulic control system associated with the quill controlling trip mechanisms;

Fig. 25 is an enlarged detailed view, partly in horizontal section, of quill actuated table controlling trip mechanism taken generally along the planes represented by the line 25-25 in Fig. 1;

Fig. 26 is another detailed view of the table controlling trip mechanism taken in vertical section along the planes represented by the line 26-26 in Fig. 25;

Fig. 27 is a. fragmentary view, partly in plan and partly in horizontal section, of parts of the spindle quill andof the work tabla-showing a modified multiple positive stop device for the spindle quill, associated with a work holding fixture on the table;

Fig. 28 is another fragmentary view of the modified quill stopping device partly in elevation and partly in'vertical section taken generally along the plane represented by the line "-20 in Fi 27. and

.Fig. 29 is a schematic circuit diagram of a modified hydraulic control system gssociated with the quill controlling and tabldppritrdlling trip mechanisms for actuating them-in response to bed typ although it is I ward edge iS dle is rotatably supported porting Spindle matically in preferably in accordance with the invention set 1 forth in Patent No. 2,007,434 issued functioning of the quill driving torque limiting devices.

' The particular machine tool illustrated in the drawings as exemplifying apparatus of the class adapted to be constructed and operated in accordance with'the principles of the present invention, is primarily a milling machine of the tobe understnod that the invention may be applied with equal advantage to other machines of different construction.

Referring more specifically to the drawings and particularly to Figs. 1

in, front elevation, respectively, incorporates a practical operative embodiment of this invention that is fully described herein by way of example. As there shown, the structure comprises essentially a'hollow bed or base foundation or frame (of the machine and forming a housing for the driving mechanism for actuating the various movable parts of the apparatus, such as the carriages or supports that carry the workpiece and the cutting tool. Carried on the upper surface of the base 30- adjacent to its fora movable work supporting table 3| that in this'type of machine is slidably mounted for horizontal longitudinal reciprocating movement in a supporting saddle fixed on the machine bed in well known manner. Behind the table 3| and closely adjacent to it a pair of uprights are rigidly upstanding tool supporting column structure 32 which carries a rotatably mounted and bodily and 3 thereof, the milling, machine there generally depicted, in left side and 30 constituting the mounted on the bed 30 to constitute an 3| in accordance with the position of the quill 34, for ,eflecting coordinated action therebetween, and conversely there is also provided a trip mechanism responsive to movement of the table 3| for automatically controlling movements of the quill 34.

In accordance with an important feature of this invention, movement of the quill 34 in the forward or outward direction may be stopped at a precisely predetermined position by means of an adjustable positive stop device 38, whereupon controlmechanism associated with the quill trip apparatus and responsive to the occurrence of an sition of the spindle 33 may be accomplished in well known manner by means of a manually operated screw' and nut mechanism (not shown), the block. then being clamped between the two uprights of the column in its adjusted position by means of clamp bolts 39 which extend horizontally through the spindle block and are provided at their inner ends with heads that slidmovable cutter carrying spindle 33 arranged to support a rotary cutting tool in adjustable cooperative relationship with a workpiece on the work table 3|. 1

To provide for bodily movement of the cutting tool carryingspindle 33 horizontally and vertically in a plane transverse to the table 3|, the spinin a slidably mounted quill or. ram 34 that is'carried by and arranged for horizontal endwise movement within supslidably mounted for vertical movement between the uprights of the column 32. The spindle block 35 also carries the usual overarms 33 which are slidably'mounted therein parallel to and above the quill 34, I I The work supporting table 3| is arrangedto be reciprocated by power along the bed 33 in well known manner, the direction and rate of its movement being under the control of tripping mechanism, shown in Fig. 3. that functions autoresponse to movement of the table.

April 29, 1937, to Fred A. Parsons and assigned to Kearney 3: 'Ireckcr Corporation. Likewise, in this machine, the quill 34 carrying the spindle 33 is arranged for movement by power, the direction of power block or head 35 which is in tum ably engage vertical T slots 4|! in one of the uprights, as shown in Fig. 5. Likewise, the quill 34 may be clamped in the spindle block 35 by means of clamps 'actuatedby screws, and the overarms 36 may be clamped in the block by means of clamps actuated by screws 42 or in any other. convenient manner.

As appears in Fig. 6, the spindle carrying quill 34 is carried in the spindle block 35 for longitudinal sliding movement'therei'n; by means of a movement being axial of the spindle and transverse to that of the table 3|. Control of the power axial movement of the quill--34 is likewise effected automatically, aquill actuated control drum 31 being provided on the side of the colunin 33 for carrying trip dogs which cooperate.

with trip mechanism generally similar in operation to the trip mechanism disclosed in the copending application of'J h B. Armitage, Serial No. 36,559 filed June 23, 1938 and entitled, Machine tool as Patent No. 2, ,6 4. Furthermore, the controldrumfl mayalsocarryothertripdogswhich functionto controlthe mov ts of the table which issued September 24, 1940,

quill 34. Longitudinalmovement of the quill. is. cf-

pair of adjustable sleevebearings 43 disposed respectively at the ends of the block and'arranged to closely engage the quill for slidably supporting it rigidly in manner to permit accurate axial ad- :Iustment thereof transversely of the table 3|.

Referring to -il 'ig. 8 showing one of the adjustable bearing sleeves 43 in elevation, it may be seen that the quill engaging portion of the bear- 7 ing is of tapered frusto-conical shape for fitting a complementary tapered socket in the spindle block. To provide for adjusting thebeari'ns. the

tapered quill engaging portion of the sleeve is providewwith a plurality of longitudinalslots 44. ansularly spaced about its periphery, only one slot being shown in the drawing. As shown, each longitudinal slot 44' extends to and intersects the r center of -an arcuate circumferential slot 45 extending part way around the base of the conical portion, thereby freeing alarge part of the quill en agin sleeve for resilient radial movement in 'eflectingadjustment of the bearin As shown in Fig. 6,-each bearing sleeve 43 isfitted in the spindle block by'means of shims and retaining screws 43, the arrangement'being such that each bearing sleeve is into its conical seat a sumcient distance to contract the resilient slotted portions thereof enough to effect the desired sliding fit or degree of engagement with the fected by means of. a screw threaded rod 41 (Fig.

5) one; end ofwhich is-flxed in a pracket or housing 48 secured to the rearwardly projecting end of the quill, the other end extending forward through an opening in the spindle block 35. Within the spindle block, the threaded rod 41 is engaged by a rotatably mounted internally threaded driving nut 49 which is journaled therein in a manner preventing endwise movement. As shown, the nut 49 is provided with an integrally'formed bevel gear'5fl which meshes with a cooperating bevel gear 5| on the inner end of an actuating shaft 52 that extends horizontally through the spindle block'and the side of the column and is provided on its outer projecting end with means for receiving a crank (not shown) for turning the shaft 52 and the nut 49 to move the quill 34 manually. Meshing with {he bevel gear 50 on the'nut 49 is a bevel gear 3 carried by a stub shaft 54 which has at its' other end another bevel gear 55 meshing with a bevel gear 55 that slidably engages a vertically disposed splined shaft 51. The shaft5l extends upwardly in mamier to project from the top of the column 32 as shown in Figs, 1 and 3, thereby providing another projecting end for engagement by the manually operated crank, and it also extends downwardly from the spindle block to eflect a driving connection (shown-in Figs. 9 and 12) by means of which the quill 34 may be moved by power.

. The positive step device 38 for limiting the forward movement of the quill 34 is in this instance constituted by a nut adjustably threaded on the quill moving rod 41 in position to engage an abutment 6| constituted by the bottom of a countersunk opening in the spindle block 35, when the quill 34 is advanced to the predetermined position. As shown in the enlarged view Fig. 2, the positive stop nut 38 includes a primary nut element 62 which is threaded on the rod 41 in position to engage the abutment GI and is' provided on its periphery with notches 53 for receiving a wrench or the like for turning it to adjust its position. In order to maintain the primary nut 52 in adjusted position, there is provided a secondary or locking nut '54 likewise threaded on the rod 41 and provided with external notches 65 by means by which 'it may be turned into locking engagement with the primary nut 52. To further insureagainst movement of the positive stop nut out of its adjusted position, the locking nut 64 is provided-with a rearwardly extending tapered portion which is split to provide resiliency and externally threaded, as appears in Fig. 2. The tapered resilient portion of the nut 54 is engaged by an internally threaded tapered clamping ring nut 55 having peripheral notches 61 by means of whichit may be tightened upon the locking nut 64. to tightly clamp it to the rod 41. By means of this adjusting and clamping arrangement, the positive stop element 38 may be so positioned and securely clamped on the rod 41 that it may be repeatedly engaged with the abutment 6| in the spindle block without changing the adjustment, in stopping the quill 34 when it is moved forward to the selected precisely predetermined position at which a cutting tool in the spindle 33 will engage a workpiece on the table 3| in an accurately predetermined plane.

The spindle 33 is provided at its forward or outward end with a tool receiving nose or socket IL-and at its inner end it carries a relative large driving gear wheel I2, as shown in Fig. 6, by means of which it may be rotated to effect rotary movement of a cutting tool. The main or forward portion of the spindle is rotatably mountedin the quill 34 by means of a pair of spaced opposed anti-friction bearings 13 and the rear end is supported beyond the gear 12 by an anti-friction bearing l4 carried in the housing 48 on the end of the quill.

. the gear wheel 12.

The housing 48 also supports a pinion l5 meshing with the gear 12, the pinion in this instance being formed on the surface of a sleeve 15 that is journaled at its-ends in anti-friction bearings I1 in the housing. The sleeve 15 also carries a relatively heavy flywheel 18 preferably formed largely of' lead, that serves as a steadying or stabilizing element to provide a steady uniform flow of power to the spindle 33 and to prevent torsional vibration of the spindle and its cutting tool. The sleeve 16 is internally 4 .on the sleeve 16 constitute a range changing gear train that determines the speeds at which the spindle 33 may be operated, the gear ratio being so selected as to provide the desired speed range. By reason of the fact that the flywheel 18 is associated with the driving pinion 15, its speed of rotation is not affected by a change in the gearratio between the pinion l5 and Accordingly, the steadying effect of the flywheel 18 is available even though the spindle is being driven slowly, and likewise the flywheel effect is not so excessive as to make it diflicult to control the spindle when range change gears of a ratio to drive the spindle at high speeds are utilized.

To prevent the quill 34 from turning within the spindle block 35 under the influence of the reaction torque resulting from a cutting operation, there is provided an upwardly extending torque arm 8i formed integrally with the housing 48 on the quill and disposed with its upper end in sliding engagement with a groove 82 in the lower side of a bracket 83 which is secured to and projects rearwardly from the spindle block 35, the arrangement being such that the arm 8! may slide along the groove 82 in the bracket when the quill is moved axially, while at the same time preventing turning movement of the quill within the spindle block. As appearsin Fig. l, the bracket 83 is so shaped as to constitute also a protective housing or cover over the parts of the quill and the overarms that may therein. As appears in Fig. 6, the spindle driving splined shaft 19 extends through and is keyed in an extended hub portion 90 of the gear 85 that is rotatably supported in the spindle blocl: 35 by means of tapered anti-friction bearings 9i and 92. The bearings cooperate to rotatably support the shaft 19 and to prevent endwise movement of the bevel gear and in order to maintain it in proper meshing relationship with the bevel gear 86. To' provide for adjusting the bearings SI and 32, the inner cone eletally after the ment of the bearing 9|. is engaged in abutting relationship by a spacing collar 99 which is in turn engaged by an ,adJusting nut 94 threaded on the extended hub portion 99 of the gear 95. When the nut the collar 99 against the cone of the bearing 9| in manner to tighten thebearings 9i and 92 against each other. I v

To preventthe nut 94 from turning accidenbearings have been adjusted, both the nut 94 and the spacing collar 99 are provided on their peripheries with external serrations 99,

, as best shown in Fig. 7, the serrations being similar in shape and adapted to be engaged simultaneously by complementary internal serrations 91 on the inner surface of a locking collar 99. The spacing collar 99 and the cone of the bearing 9| are both slidably keyed by means of a key 99 to the extended hub 99 of the gear 95 in manner to permit axial adjustingmovement therealong but preventing relative rotation. With the locking collar 99 engaging the serrations of both the spacing collar 99 and the nut94, as shown in Fig. 6, ,the nut 94 is positively prevented from rotating relative to the spacing collar and the gear hub 99. In order to adiust the bearing, the locking collar 99 is moved axially to .disengage it from the serrations of the spacing collar 99, after which the nut 94 may be turned either directly or by means of the locking collar 99. In completing the adjustment, the serrations onthe nut 94: are moved into alignment .with the serrations on the spacing collar 99 and the locking collar 99 is then moved to the position shown in Fig. 6 for engaging the serrations of both the nut and the spacing collar.

94 is tightened, it forces that is i 5 ternatively by a bevel gear set H5 that is connected with a rapid traverse shaft H9 also extending back into the housing 99 for connection with the power operated mechanism therein.

As shown in the expanded sectional view Fig. 9, the driving mechanism in the back of the housing 99 includes a drive pulley H9 that is adaptedto be belt driven by means of an electric .motor or other suitable power source and that is rotatably mounted in a pulley bracket I29 fixed to the rear wall of the housing 99 in axial alignment with the main shaft H4. The Y pulley H9 is operatively connected by a gear train I2I directly to the rapid traverse shaft H9 in such manner that rapid traverse movement of the table 9| may be effected at any time that the pulley H9 is operating. There are also pro-- videdinthe pulley bracket I29 a pump in and In order to retain the locking collar 99 in locking position, there is provided a spring ring or G-spring I M which encircles the collar 99 and is fitted in a groove I92 in the periphery thereof. The spring ring I9I is provided at one end with an inwardly projecting key portion I99 that extends through a holein the locking collar 99and into a groove I94 formed between the adjusting nut 94 and the spacing'collar 99'. In order/to withdraw the locking collar 99 to adjust the a pump I29 both driven from the rapid traverse shaft H9 and operative to moving the quill 94 in power feeding or rapid traverse movements." The tool spindle 99 isv driven from the main shaft H4 by means of a reversing and disconnecting mechanism shown in Fig. 9 and including a pair of opposed bevel gears I29 and I21 rotatably mounted on the shaft H4 and adapted to be operatively connected to f it selectively by means of a reversing clutch collar I29 slidably keyed on the shaft between them. The bevel gears I29 and I2'l meslr with a bevel gear I29 for turning it in one or the other direction and the gear I29 is connected by spur bearing, it is first necessaryto disengage this retainer by lifting the end portion of the spring I9I asufiicient distance. to withdraw the key member I 99 from the groove I94. Upon the locking collar being replaced after adjusting the bearing, the spring ring I9I forcesits inwardly projecting key portion I99 downward into the groove I94 in manner to retain the locking collar in the locking position. This arrangement for adjusting an anti-friction bearing is fully set forth and claimed in co-pending application Serial No. 301,355, filed October 26, 1939,. as a continuation in part of the present application.

The mechanism for driving the table 9I with reciprocating movement transversely of the cut- .ter spindle 99 includes a table screw' H9 (Fig. 3)

which is rotatably mounted at its ends in brackets depending from the ends of the table and is threaded in a stationary nut fixed in the bed 99 in well known manner. The-screw H9 may be rotated selectively in either direction by reverse driving gearing III that may be operated at feed rate by a worm gear I I2 (Fig. 1')--which is driven by means of a pick-off gear change speed' box H9 at the front of the machine, the speed box being driven by a feed shaft or main driving shaft H4 which extends baclc into the bed 99. For driving the table at rapid traverse rate, the

reverse gear mechanism III may be driven al-.

gearing I99 to a bevel gear I9I that meshes with a bevel gear I92 having splined connection with the vertically disposed spindle driving splined shaft 91 shown in Fig. 6,- the arrangement being such that the spindle head 95 and the shaft 91 may move vertically" relative to the ments 'of the quill 94 ac oss the table 9| is also driven from the main shaft H4 independently of the table feeding drive, as shown in Fig. 9,

although under some circumstances it may be desirableto connect the rapid traverse drive for mechanism. As shown, the main shaft H4 carthe quill to the rapid traverse shaft H6 in order I that the quill may be moved at rapid traverse rate when the main clutch I24 is disengaged for the purpose of disconnecting thespindle drive lower end of a vertical shaft I42 extending up-.

ward within the column 92.

The shaft I42 is connected to a feed train by means of a bevel gear I49 secured to its upper end and meshing with a bevel gear I44 on a horizontal stub shaft I45 thatextends rearwardly provide sources of lubricating oil under pressure for lubricating the! base 3.;

without interfering with the driving connection. The transmission mechanism for effecting feeding movements and rapid traverse move-,

into a feed change pick-off gear box I46 inclosed beneath a cover I41 on the back of the column. From the pick-off gear mechanism I46 power is transmitted at a selected feed rate through a horizontal feed shaft I48 to a torque limiting device or overload trip safety clutch I49 that is adapted to slip upon application of torque or force in excess of a predetermined maximum, such as occurs when the positive stop nut 38 engages the abutment 6I in stopping forward feeding movement of the quill at a predetermined position. The safety clutch I49 is connected by means of a worm and worm wheel drive I50 to a feed element II at one end of hydraulically actuated feed and rapid traverse clutch mechanism I52. The clutch mechanism I52 is provided at its other end with a rapid traverse element I53 having fixed thereon a gear element I54 which is directly driven by-a gear I55 mounted on the vertical driving shaft I42 and connected thereto by another torque limiting device or safety clutch I56 arranged to limit the torque which may be.

applied in moving the quill at rapid traverse rate to a predetermined maximum value.

' The hydraulically actuated feed and .rapid traverse clutch device I52 is similar to that shown in the previously mentioned co-pending application of Joseph B. Armitage, Serial No. 86,559, now Patent No. 2,215,684, and it is so arranged that either the feed rate driving element I5I or thetrapid traverse rate driving element I53 may be operatively connected to a vertically disposed quill driving shaft I 6I that extends through and supports the clutch device I52 and its associated drivin gearing. As more fully explained'in the co-pending application. the feed'driving torque is transmitted from the clutch mechanism I52 to the shaft I6I by means of an over-running clutch device I62, and the rapid traverse driving torque is alternatively transmitted to the shaft I6I by means of a friction clutch I63 that efiects a direct connection from the gearing driven by the shaft I42 to the shaft I6I, causing the clutch I62 to over-run the feed driving train.

The quill feeding shaft I6I carries at its lower end a gear I65 that meshes with a clutch gear 'I66 which is rotatably mounted on a sleeve I61 journaled in the column parallel with the shaft I 6|. Another gear I68 on the shaft I 6| meshes with an idler gear I69 which in turn drives another clutch gearv I10 also rotatably mounted on the sleeve I61, the arrangement being such that the clutch gears I66 and I10 turn in opposite directions. Between the clutch gears I66 and I10 a clutch spool I1I is slidably splined on the sleeve I61 in manner to be moved into engagement alternatively with either of the clutch gears for connecting them selectively to the sleeve I61 in order to drive it in either one or the other direction. The sleeve I61 encircles and is keyed to the lower end of the splined shaft 51 which is journaled in the column 32 and constitutes the power driving connection to the quill moving mechanism in the vertically movable spindle head 35, as previously explained, the splined connection between the shaft 51 and the bevel gear 56 carried by the spindle head providing for vertical movement of the head without interfering with the driving connection.

Manual movement of the quill 34 may be effected, as previously explained, by means of a hand crank applied either to the projecting upper end of the shaft 51 or to the projecting outer end of the shaft 52, whichever may be most convenient. Manual control of quill movement by power operation of the shaft 51 may be'efiected by means of a hand lever I15 mounted at the top of the column and arranged to control both the direction and the rate of movement of the quill. Automatic control of power movement of the quill may be effected by means of trip dogs on the drum 31 or by trip dogs on the back of the table 3| cooperating with a trip mechanism I16, the control mechanism being also connected to both the feedtorque limiting device I49 and the rapid traverse torque limiting device I56 in manner to automatically disengage the quill driving clutch I1I.whenever the forward movement of the quill is stopped by the positive stop nut 38 engaging theabutment 6I.

The control drum 31 is mounted on the left side of the column 32, as shown in Figs. 1 and 10, and is operatively connected to turn in synchronism with the movements of the quill by being directly driven from the upper end of the vertical quill driving shaft 51, as shown in Fig. 11. As

there shown, a spur gear wheel I18 is fixed on the upper end of the shaft 51 in position to mesh with a gear wheel I19 on the upper end of a parallel vertical shaft I80. The shaft I is provided at its lower end with a worm I BI that meshes with a worm wheel I82 on a horizontal shaft I83 that is joumaled in a bracket I04 mounted in the side of the column 32 in manner to present a flange I85 at its outer end to which the control drum 31 is secured by cap screws I86, the driving arrangementbeing such that the drum 31 is driven at the speed and in the direction corresponding with the speed and direction of movement of the quill.

Manual control of the direction of movement of thequill under power is effected by moving the hand lever I15 in a horizontal plane to the right or to the left as the case may require thereby turning a vertically disposed tubular control shaft I to which the lever I15 is connected and that extends down into the column as shown in Fig. 10. The control shaft. I90 is provided at its lower end with a crank arm I9I as appears which engages a notch I96 in a vertically disposed clutch shifting rod I91. As appears in Fig. 12, the clutch shifting rod I91 is provided near its lower end with a shifting fork I98 that engages the reversing clutch spool Hi, the arrangement being such that upon sidewise swinging movement of the hand lever I15, the rod I91 is moved vertically by the bell crank I in manner to move the clutch spool I1I either into engagement with the clutch gear I66 or-the clutch gear I10, or to a neutral intermediate position in which the power driving mechanism is disconnected from the quill moving mechanism. In order to retain the clutch I1I in any one of its three positions, the horizontal control rod I93 is provided with three corresponding detent notches as shown in Fig. 13 which are arranged to be engaged selectively by a spring pressed detent member I99.

Movement of the quill by power may be stopped automatically by means of stop dogs 202 that are,

. the sleeve 204 by means of a pin 224 through the post 220 and slidably fitted in slots .75 259 on adapted to engage and turn a tripping or control sleeve 204 that is rotatably supported in the top of a control unit 205 mounted on the side of the column beneath the drum 31. As shown in Figs. 12 and 13, the control-sleeve 204 is of tubu lar shape and is provided on its lower end within the control unit 205 with an inwardly extending arm 206 that engages a notch 201 in the side of the horizontal control rod I93, the arrangement being such that when the sleeve 204 is turned about its axis the rod I93 ismoved endwise in manner to shift the clutch I1 I The tripping sleeve 204 is provided at its upper end with tripping arms or abutments 208 extending outwardly from opposite sides thereof and disposed parallel with the face of the drum 31 when the clutch HI and the rod I93-are in neutral positions as shown in Figs. 12 and 13. When the clutch is moved into engagement with either clutch gear, one of the tripping arms 208 on the sleeve 204 is turned toward the drum 31 into the path of movement of the stop dogs 202.

When the inwardly turned arm 208 is engaged by a stop dog 202 it is forced outwardly and the tripping sleeve 204 is turned in direction to move the control rod I93 and the clutch I'll to the central'neutral position thereby disconnecting the power transmission mechanism from the quill moving-mechanism and stopping the quill. To prevent excessive movement of the quill in the event that the stop dogs 202 have been removed, the drum" is provided with permanently attached limiting stop dogs 209.

For controlling the rate of movement of the quill 34, the control lever I15 is arranged ,to be moved vertically regardless of its horizontal position. As shown in Fig. 10, the lever I15 is pivotally mounted in a bracket 2I0 that is secured to and extends radially from the hollow control shaft I90, the arrangement being such that the lever is free to pivot in a vertical plane but' is connected to turn the shaft I90 when it is moved in the sleeve 204. When the sleeve 204 is turned in engaging the quill driving clutch "I, the post 220 is likewise turned to move one or the other of two tripping lugs or abutments 225 and 226 into the path of movement of either a feed dog 221 or a rapid traverse dog 229 that may be adjustably positioned on the face of the drum 31. For example, if the rapid traverse dog 229 engages the lug 225, the post control drum 31, a reversing trip dog 232 being adjustably positioned upon the drum for engagement with a reverse plunger 233 or a reverse plunger 234 depending upon the direction in which the quill is moving. As shown in Fig. 10,

the reverse plungers 233 and 2'34are disposed at opposite sides of the tripping post 220 respectively and are interconnected by means of a pivoted lever 235 in such manner that when one plunger is depressed-by a reverse dog 232, the other plunger is moved upward and vice versa. As appears in Figs. 10 and 24, the reverse plunger 234 extends downward into the controlpanel 205 and constitutes the plunger orra hydraulic control valve 236, the valve plunger being normally held in a neutral or central position by a spring 231 thereon. A stop dog 202115 preferably positioned just in front of the reverse dog 232 for engaging the tripping arm horizontally. The inner end of the pivoted lever I15 engages the upper end of a control rod 2 that is slidablyinounted for vertical movement within the hollow shaft I90. At its lower end the rod 2| l is provided with Figs. 10, 14 and 17 that engages the end of a crank arm 2I3 which is*keyed 'to a horizontally disposed rock shaft 2I 4. The rock shaft 2I4 is provided at its other end with a forwardly projecting arm 7 2 I 5 that engages at its outer end with a notch 2 I 6 in the upper end 2I1 as shown in --ment of of a rapid traverse valve plunger Figs. 10 and 14. The arrangethe mechanism is such that when the outer end of the-lever I15 is moved upward about its pivot axis, the rod 2 is moved downward and turns the shaft 2 in manner to move the valve plunger 2I1 upward. This causes the valve plunger 211 to admit pressure fluid from the pump I22 into the feed and rapid traverse clutch a notch 2i2 as shown in 208 to assist in the reversing action and'to prevent quill'in the event that the reverse mechanism should fail to'function.

Referring particularly to the hydraulic circuit shown in Fig. 24, hydraulic pressure for actuating the automatic quill reverse system is derived from the pump I22 from which pressure'fluid is conducted through a channel or conduit 24I and a conduit 242 to a port 243 in the valve 236 that communicates with a port 244 from which the pressure fluid may flow into a conduit 245 and thence by way of a conduit 246 to a low pressure relief valve 241 discharging into a conduit 248 that distributes the oil throughout the column 32 1 spindle and the quill.

for lubricating the mechanism that derives the escaping through the conduits 245and. 246 to mechanism I52 to engage the friction clutch I63 for connecting the rapid traverse nism to the quill driving train.

Movement of the valve plunger 2I1 may also. be eifected by means of a tripping post 220 that is slidably mounted for vertical movement within the tubular tripping sleeve 204 as shown in drive mechaward, a land 254 Figs. 10, 12 and 14. The vertically movable tripping post 220 is provided at its lower end with a notch 22I which engages the forward end of an arm 222' secured to the rock shaft 2I4, the post 220 being connected for turning movement with passing the low pressure relief valve 241. This causes the pressure in the conduits 24I and 242 to. build up to a predetermined maximum after which the excess oil escapes from the conduit 24I through a conduit 252 into a high pressure relief valve 253 from which it is discharged into the low pressure relief valve 241 and-thence to the lubricating system. As the thereon uncovers a port 255 which admits the high pressure fluid from a conduit 256 that communicates with the conduit 242 leading from the pump I22. The high pressure fluid then enters a longitudinal passageway 251 in the plunger through which it flows upward to a cylinder 258 at the upper end of the, valve 236 and exerts'pressure upon a piston to quickly the plunger 234' in manner 220 is moved upward thereby. moving the valve plunger 2I1 upward and en-' further movement of the plunger 234 moves downforce the valve plunger downward through the remaining part of its stroke. By reason of this movement, the land 254 moves past the high pressure port 255 thereby establishing communication with a port 26I from which the oil flows through a conduit 262 into the lower end of a the clutch gear I66. The oil in the top of the cylinder 263 is forced out through a conduit 265 which leads to a port 266 in the valve 236 that communicates with an exhaust port 261 from which the oil is discharged into the interior of the column 32 and drains into a sump in the bottom of the housing 30.

As the clutch actuating piston 264 completes the shifting of the reverse clutch I1 I ,in moving to the top of the 'cylinder 263 it uncovers a port 263 in the cylinder wall and permits the high pressurefluid to flow through a conduit 210 leading to a, port 21I in the valve 236 that is connected at all times with a conduit 212 that leads to a port 213 in a valve casing 214 which encloses the previously mentioned rapid traverse valve plunger 2I1. The pressure fluid upon entering the port 213 exerts pressure upon the lower side of a piston 215 on the valve plunger 2I1 in manner to move it upward within the casing 214 in the same way that it may be moved upward by the hand lever I15 or by the tripping post 220 for engaging the rapid traverse drive mechanism to effect the reverse movement at rapid traverse rate.

When the piston 215 on the rapid reverse valve plunger 2I1 is moved to its upper position, it uncovers a port 216 which communicates through a conduit 211 with a port 218 in the valve casing 236 leading to the plunger actuating cylinder 258. At the same-time, the valve plunger being in the upper position, the port 216 is placed in communication with a passage-way 219 extending longitudinally through the plunger 2I1 and communicating at the lower end thereof with a port 280 which connects by means of a conduit plunger 2I1.

reversing valve plunger 234 as previously ex- 'cates at all times with the low pressure relief valve through the conduit 246, also connects to a port 285 in therapid traverse valve housing 214. When the rapid traverse valve plunger 2" is in its upper position, the low pressure port 285 is placed in communication with a port 286 connected with a conduit 281 that leads to the feed and rapid traverse clutch mechanism I52. From the conduit 281, the oil enters a cap or housing 288 at the upper end of the shaft I6I and passes into a passage-way 289 extending longitudinally of the shaftto a cylinder 290 where it exerts pressure upon a. piston 29I forcing it downward in manner to engage the rapid traverse friction clutch I63; By this arrangement reversal in the direction of movement of the quill 34 is caused to take place at rapid traverse rate automatically, consequently the quill may be moved forward at feed rate, in effecting a cutting operation, to a position predetermined by the position of the reversing dog 232 on the drum 31, whereupon the quill will be automatically withdrawn at rapid traverse rate.

When the other reverse plunger 233 is depressed by another reverse dog 232, the interconnected pivoted lever 235 causes the plunger 234 to be moved upward thereby effecting shifting of the reverse clutch in the.other direction. With the reverse plunger 234 in the upper position, the high pressure port 255 is placed in communication with the port 266 that connects to the conduit 265 leading. to the upper end of the reversing cylinder 263. The fluid pressure then forces the reversing piston 264 downward to engage the reverse clutch I1I with the clutch gear I10, the oil in the bottom of the cylinder escaping through the conduit 262 leading to the port 26I that then connects with an exhaust port 292 from which it is discharged. When the piston 264- approaches the bottom of the cylinder 263 it again uncovers the port 269 and permits the pressure fluid to flow through the conduits 210 and 212 to actuate the rapid traverse valve This results in neutralizing the plained, and in engaging the rapid traverse clutch 28I with a port 282 in the lower end of the valve casing 236. This connection completes a passage-way from the actuating cylinder 258 at the top of the valve 236 over to and down through the'plunger 2I1 of the rapid traverse valve and back to the bottom of the reverse valve 236, through which an equalizing upwardly acting pressure is applied to a piston 283 on the plunger 234. This balances the forces acting on the plunger 234 and permits it to be returned to its neutral position by the spring 231, thereby uncovering the port 244 and permitting the high pressure fluid to escape through the conduits 245 and 246 to the low pressure relief valve 241. ,By this arrangement, the high pressure is maintained in the system only until the shifting movement of the reverse clutch is completed and the rapid traversevalve plunger 2" is .moved to rapid traverse position, whereupon the reverse valve plunger 234 is returned to neutral position and the pressure in the system is reduced to that established by the low pressure relief 244 in the reverse valve 236 and that communi- Automatic control of the movement of the quill may also be effected by means of the previously mentioned table actuated trip mechanism I16 which function in response to movement of the table 3| to actuate the reverse valve plunger 234 in manner to start movement of the quill in either direction of movement. As appears in Figs. 10 and 24, the reverse valve plunger 234 is provided at its lower end with a notch or groove 295 that is engaged by one end of a rocking lever 296 pivotally mounted at its center and engaging at its other end with a notch 291 in'a vertically disposed control rod 298. As appears in Figs. 10 and 20, the control rod 238 is arranged to be moved vertically by an arm 299 which engages a notch 300 therein and is mounted on a horizontal rock shaft 30I which extends to the table actuated trip mechanism I16 on the front of the column, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3. Referring to Figs. 19 and 20, the rock shaft 30l carries oppositely projecting arms 302 and 303 which engage with push rods or plungers 304 and 305 that are in turn engaged respectively by, push rods or plungers 306 and 308 extending forward into the trip mechanism I16. The push rod 306 is engaged at its forward end by two pivotally mounted tripping levers 309 and 3I0 and the push rod 308 is engaged by a 

